1.4.6
Topsoil
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NOTE: Additional requirements such as pH value and
necessary soil conditioning, according to applicable
provisions of Sections 02921A through 02923A, should
be inserted in this paragraph. The depth of the
topsoil should be given in the text of the
specification, preferably in this paragraph.
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Material suitable for topsoils obtained from [offsite areas] [excavations]
[areas indicated on the drawings] is defined as: Natural, friable soil
representative of productive, well-drained soils in the area, free of
subsoil, stumps, rocks larger than 25 mm one inch diameter, brush, weeds,
toxic substances, and other material detrimental to plant growth. Amend
topsoil pH range to obtain a pH of 5.5 to 7.
1.4.7
Hard/Unyielding Materials
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NOTE: Stones should generally not exceed 75 mm (3
inches) in diameter. However, pipe manufacturer's
criteria, if any, should be used.
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Weathered rock, dense consolidated deposits, or conglomerate materials
which are not included in the definition of "rock" with stones greater than
[_____] mm inches in any dimension or as defined by the pipe manufacturer,
whichever is smaller. These materials usually require the use of heavy
excavation equipment, ripper teeth, or jack hammers for removal.
1.4.8
Rock
Solid homogeneous interlocking crystalline material with firmly cemented,
laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits, neither of which
can be removed without systematic drilling and blasting, drilling and the
use of expansion jacks or feather wedges, or the use of backhoe-mounted
pneumatic hole punchers or rock breakers; also large boulders, buried
masonry, or concrete other than pavement exceeding [0.375] [_____] cubic
meter [1/2] [_____] cubic yard in volume.
Removal of hard material will
not be considered rock excavation because of intermittent drilling and
blasting that is performed merely to increase production.
1.4.9
Unstable Material
Unstable material shall consist of materials too wet to properly support
the utility pipe, conduit, or appurtenant structure.
1.4.10
Select Granular Material
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NOTE: It is important to specify select material
under footings and slabs to minimize settlement and
to ensure stability of a structure. Consideration
should be made of the sensitivity of the structure
to total and/or differential settlements related to
the structural design. This is particularly true of
add-on structures and structures to be founded
SECTION 02300
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