classification will be specified to be made in
conformance with ASTM C 117, ASTM C 136, and ASTM D
422.
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Cohesionless materials include materials classified in ASTM D 2487 as GW,
GP, SW, and SP. Cohesive materials include materials classified as GC, SC,
ML, CL, MH, and CH. Materials classified as GM and SM will be identified
as cohesionless only when the fines are nonplastic. Testing required for
classifying materials shall be in accordance with ASTM D 4318, ASTM C 136,
ASTM D 422, and ASTM D 1140.
1.4.4
Degree of Compaction
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NOTE: ASTM D 1557 will be used for maximum density
determinations, unless soil borings indicate a
gradation that may include coarse material where
more than 30% is retained on the 19 mm (3/4") sieve;
in that case, the Contractor will be required to use
AASHTO T 180, Method D and corrected with AASHTO T
224 for the maximum density determinations. The
designer should determine if AASHTO T 180 is
appropriate for the existing soil gradation. If
maximum density cannot be determined by either
method, the specification may need to require a test
section and the COR to determine the number of
compaction coverages and equipment type.
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Degree of compaction required, except as noted in the second sentence, is
expressed as a percentage of the maximum density obtained by the test
procedure presented in ASTM D 1557 abbreviated as a percent of laboratory
maximum density. Since ASTM D 1557 applies only to soils that have 30
percent or less by weight of their particles retained on the 9.0 mm 3/4 inch
sieve, the degree of compaction for material having more than 30 percent
by weight of their particles retained on the 9.0 mm 3/4 inch sieve shall be
expressed as a percentage of the maximum density in accordance with AASHTO
T 180 Method D and corrected with AASHTO T 224. To maintain the same
percentage of coarse material, the "remove and replace" procedure as
described in the NOTE 8 in Paragraph 7.2 of AASHTO T 180 shall be used.
1.4.5
Overhaul
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NOTE: This paragraph is to be deleted when the
earthwork is to be paid for under a lump sum
contract. The blank will be filled with the
appropriate number of stations.
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Overhaul is the authorized transportation of satisfactory excavation or
borrow materials in excess of the free-haul limit of [_____] stations.
Overhaul is the product of the quantity of materials hauled beyond the
free-haul limit, and the distance such materials are hauled beyond the
free-haul limit, expressed in station meters yards.
SECTION 02300
Page 12
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