preservatives shall be tested for conformance to AWPA A1, AWPA A9, and AWPA
A5, respectively. The net retention and the penetration of preservatives
in piles shall be determined as specified in AWPA M2 and the additional
requirements listed. The determination of the net retention of waterborne
preservatives in piles which have received the dual treatment of waterborne
preservatives and creosote or creosote solutions shall be made after the
extraction of the creosote or creosote solutions.
PART 3
EXECUTION
3.1
INSTALLATION
3.1.1
Pile Driving Equipment
Pile driving equipment shall meet the following requirements.
3.1.1.1
Pile Driving Hammers
**************************************************************************
NOTE: If vibratory hammers should not be used, the
references to vibratory hammers should be deleted
from the text.
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Pile driving hammers shall be steam, air or diesel drip, single-action,
double-acting, differential-acting, [or] [vibratory] [_______] type. [The
use of vibratory hammers is dependent upon satisfactory driving and load
testing of piles.] The size or capacity of hammers shall be as recommended
by the manufacturer for the pile weights and solid formation to be
penetrated. The pile hammer shall be of sufficient weight and energy to
install the specified pile without damage into the soils [as indicated]
[expected to be encountered]. The maximum driving energy of hammers shall
be [16,270] [20,330] joules [12,000] [15,000] foot-pounds for piles for any
length. Test piles shall be driven with the same size and type hammer,
operating with the same effective energy and efficiency as that to be used
in driving job piles. Diesel powered hammers shall be operated at the rate
recommended by the manufacturer throughout the entire driving period.
Sufficient pressure shall be maintained at the hammer so that:
a. For double-acting hammers, the number of blows per minute during
and at the completion of driving of a pile is equal approximately to
that at which the hammer is rated;
b. For single-acting hammers, there is a full upward stroke of the
ram; and,
c. For differential-type hammers, there is a slight rise of the hammer
base during each upward stroke.
3.1.1.2
Leads
Leads are required and shall be fixed at the top and adjustable at the
bottom. Swinging leads may be allowed if site conditions merit their use
and are approved.
3.1.1.3
Driving Cap or Helmet and Cushion Block
Driving cap or helmet shall be an approved design and shall be capable of
protecting pile heads, minimizing energy absorption, and transmitting
SECTION 02461
Page 18
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